This guide is available as a Word document or PDF. Popular instructional videos have such different styles, and there is no consensus in research about how to make the most effective instructional videos (Renkl, 2021). Videos can differ in whether or not we can see the instructor, presenting text as spoken and/or printed, and the…
This guide is available as a Word document or PDF. The use of interactive media in education may depend largely on the subject matter. A casual search of interactive, educational media on the internet seems to yield mostly applications about topics in STEM, especially math. These applications are designed for: The examples of interactive media…
This guide is available as a Word document or PDF. Natural Versus Synthesized Voice Instructors have the option of lecturing with the human voice or a computer-generated voice. In a study involving a lecture on lightning formation, students learned better from the recorded human voice than the Microsoft text-to-speech software (Atkinson et al., 2005). This…
This guide is available as a Word document or PDF. Whether or not students can see the instructor, or on-screen pedagogical agent, alongside the course material does not affect the effectiveness of the video lesson (Fiorella & Mayer, 2021). In fact, students may find the instructor’s image distracting (Kizilcec et al., 2015) because their attention…